ehT ocnepct is a ouoedltcvn ayw fo gaiksn if oyu kwne who VDJ obiitarenmnoc ,sokwr chihw si ttah ti si lucytaal an aepxmle of rlingtae het ADN fo eth /TB y.elpmohcyt

onertShu tblo :hiueenctq So enhw they esu a bpoer tigaasn emos ero,gin adn titguunpto a esiz of .51 bk or 6 ,bk ihts si lgnilet uoy the eisz of eht DNA naefgmtr ni cahe clel se’(tnod erttma fi ythe ays J eopbr ro osacnntt rgneoi bpr,oe ’ehyter usjt yagsni hey’ter anrtitgge msoe tuilencode escnqeue fundo in eth Ig /ClcosRuT teba hanci soucl pyetsecrivel rfo B/T esc)l.l

I itknh het nunisfgco aprt lduco eb egdriwnon woh yuo nwok hreehtw er’uyo rltypa touhgrh nmnrreeaagter nwa(ers soccihe B thur D) or if ti t’hsna ourdcrce at all eyt (crretco ane).swr e,Her the cepcnot is taht B lcsle dgueonr )DVJ( atnreregrmena in eth nebo rwmor,a iehlw T lcels do ti ni eht htmyu,s and ti lla nespahp ta noce. So a asmpal clle in eth obold leik in euilptMl loaemMy udwol hvae fyllu goduenrne me,ibnicnrooat lihew a T ellc in hte odolb dlouc rieeth eb fyull etdacedu an(d evah fiehnisd VJD o)manbricontie ro riateumm n’s(aht tsdrtae DVJ).

niSce teh T lcle ngee was 6 kb nda nldefieiyt rgbegi hnat teh 51. bk ,eeng hte T ellc asthn’ ndouereng rmnitcbanoeoi t.ye

iDd nonaye need to aedr ttah slta tnsecene keil 05 eimts uacesbe eht thurao useesrf to esu betret .agmrram uJts ittrgnu.sfar

hhWic fo eth wilgfolno eoarssn si hyw ihst enuitsqo is bll?u

)1 gisnU eth dorw ""lccciy nsiadet of citylcicr orf tliyarc

2) giKwnon lla of ygimoedipleo fo lal gdsur

3) nhaivg to aoesrn tou ttah igailcthineorcn ftcefes rea obralbyp hte oswtr revo la1hap ro H1 scftfee ot no ac.ettyinr

)4 The icplgpnri oissedpern fo tiyundsg rof -dey-tsoskeaw on edn to yrbpolba do gvraaee on eht .ttes

shTi noe saw a teltli ct.kiyr orF shti noe het eyk is the olw doiarndeioi u.eptak hTis npttaei hsa hhgi T4 and owl HTS ihchw kesam eenss ni a ihheodyytrpr apni,tte ephrsap your rifst hhgttou is tath hist natpeit hsa arevG’s e.isedas owHv,ree ni Gsva’er ryuo rhoytdi is enigb sedmaultti ot aekm mero dytorhi rnhmooe omrf stcrcha and as cshu wuldo ehva an neeisdrac iidioenorad pkaute ceesabu het odityhr is nriigbng in eht dierureq own( lraeleidobd)a inoi.de isTh si wyh ti is nto rGveas seleer(a“ of dytroih honmore orfm a iytrohd satdtimleu yb e)o”nasibit.d

oS if ist not as’rvGe wath uocdl it e?b Fro sthi uydo’ vhae to nkow ttha iotha’Homss hyisTtridoi laso( konwn as noCcrhi ytciymocLph oitshyTiird and si nefot rrfreede to sa csuh on dbaro xmaes ot htrwo ouy f)fo hsa tereh shsape - trifs yhet aer ih,rhprytoyde hetn thudieor,y then the clscsia yothodryhpi ttha uoy ludow xpceet hwit wlo 4T dan gihh ST.H Tish wsa the yek ot tshi u.teqiosn The srnoae rfo stih si that tayonhrtiid erxpasdeio etsibaidon ni Ha’oimhsost scaeu eth yiodhtr ot leersea lal fo sit oetdsr tiyhrdo oemonhr mgniak hte etaipnt hyreyhitprod rfo a htsor prodei fo .itme Afret ihts asimsev sraleee fo ythoird nheomr,o eth besdantiio emka mthe beulan ot amek wen HT dna erfhreteo ethy ceobem hdiutreyo ofr a hrsot eorpid dan ehnt ohyirhpdoyt cwihh yuo wuldo pcet!ex Sceni yhte ’cnta ekam wne ,TH het rihdoty ilwl otn aetk pu teh oenraiddoii adn rhereftoe trehe will be wlo oiinraeddoi paeu.tk ncH,ee ee“easrl fo rsoted rioydth mrnehoo morf a hdrytio anlgd tlardeinitf by emyyhtoc”sl.p aka thymc“yipcoL assoh)htoi(m .ohs”ittyidir

I ntikh ralse“ee fo hdtroiy hormeno rmfo a ptoohmuasmyl rytohdi gl”nda is rnfiregre to osme idkn of dtyroih ncreac in which scea ouy dwlou cepetx htme ot be irsgindecb a ednoul no odonaieirdi eup.tka

ymS​uram dvieo ehre dan slao a egrta etsi in aenlg:er .o/chtapeye/idsdt:ii/ddh/clrpm/gtnqenou/ooasrrnirneee

Ngneroit celaanb si a tesreemmnau fo eitonrp sotbelammi ni the .byod A entiaveg onnrgiet nlebaca aiendtcsi uecslm ,sols sa sinrcedae austnmo of omina siacd rea ibeng zdaoieeltmb ot codperu enryeg. shTi erssicnea hte motnau fo goenntri eertecsd mfro eht do.by Buecase the uanmot fo ignrotne yuo aer igkatn ni is ssle hatn the aomntu of niorteng oyu rae cresgetni, uyo eavh a eigvaten ngtioren blaance.

siTh man is aunermh,oilds toasu,eedm ecatcc,hi nad sha aminaybl.omeuhip eheTs nillaicc dnfisign nipto to rnotipe irtmtlunnaio akKrio(sawh asesD)ei, ichwh suaces edame ude ot eesrdecda resum citcnoo .pesseurr woL cntioco eusrpres in isth asce is ued to ntoeirp ,osls adn enhec a gnatevie grioentn cebal.an

hisT igame si .fesluu etoN tath hte tsina eusd esmak ymlien papare .akdr

tieetnVg si lyctipa rfo Psonsn'ikar ade.seis earA D is the aautisbtsn nr.gia

h"es elfse aeiphpr and eomr dal"rexe reatf tnigrsat :iixkkcgobn siht si a UEAMTR seefdne cmmniashe clacs(si otkxobet iaitnobusml, as ash eebn s)aid. ihTs nsqtiuoe is ujst anpli w.rong sI't otn smiend,atlcpe aeebusc s'it a hat,hyle laislyoc pbatecceal etltou htat riveosmp ehr eolimnota steta; npihncgu gbsa rae tmnae ot eb dhencup uhts( it si latucyal OTN te.auln)r siemDteplnac ot an ctoebj dlwou be ugphcinn a oelh in hre lwl,a ro nikeabgr hre asve (I utsj ikle htat ei.yarm)g tBoh fo htsoe oludw be ertteb atnh pgcihunn ehr laf,iym ro ikrbngea etirh cra ,oiwnwd wchhi si why is't aeitdempscnl so(cusunicon drrtoenieic of an inoemto ot a reafs )ct.bjoe oveHe,rw gckxonikbi si EYLIALTRL na peleamx in rsavlee shcpy eoktbtosx ofr bnioliu.tmsa ahnkT oyu rof ngomic ot ym DET l.kaT

ekiL teohrs vaeh a,ids I hiknt isbauolnmit wdoul hvea nebe r,teteb btu imaecpnlsdte romf sritf dia sysa ttah ti s,i drneicierto“ fo oemtosni or pissumel ot a turlena rnoesp ro ejcobt” so ss’eh iknkcgi reh ayilfm yb kinkgci het ga.b

I ntikh ist eth gtirh FML a(rae C), tno hte tghri bucdnase lnuescu thta si oldniees no eth osrsc eo.ctsin fI teh becdnsau cleuusn ewre lenioesd esh do'nutlw veha duionacbt in her telf eey. hTe MFL msidatee sscro klta beenetw teh acnduebs ueulscn on htob isesd ot eth MFL on hte pseptioo eisd (2 nacbesdu i,ceuln 2 FLM eno on haec di).es In reh ,scae reh rigth MFL nw'tas inufctnnoig ceehn hyw seh aws naigzg eltf btu reh rgith eimddl truces nas'wt ottncagicn to idetame faedtlwr .aegz

siTh uetripc lheps: l:14chnbo/a//up/ttgp0.2pw.hee5ttwth_mcFow1/j-ms09dw-no2puhpt-o/thamn/

nlaciausoCtl fro dda. hTe lipbboatyri fo het hfetar engib a ecirarr is 32/ ncesi it si onwnk taht he otde’ns eahv hte essea.id Tneh the btbayplorii of hmi gispsan ti no ot ihs ikd is 1,/2 thu:s

• bloyPaiibrt of dda inebg rrrceai = /23
• atiyPbilobr fo add ansgisp on eeisads elaell = 2/1

oilastlancuC rof omm. Whti eht r-giyrbHeeWand irlni,cpeP uoy nca eugirf otu eht ilybtabriop fo eth omtehr gebni a i:arecrr

q = 0(40r,1q/0)st0 = 012/0

oS, qp2 = 2 * 21/00 * 090/291, hhciw si appoxr 0/.110

roF het dihcl to etg eht llalee fmor mom, two nsithg eden ot p:paenh )1( mmo umts be a reciarr z[]theyotee”rg“o dan )(2 mmo smut sasp het leaell to cdhl:i

• tiirbaybPlo fo mom ngbie errirca = 0011/
• tilbiaPobyr of mom gsnapsi on isaedse eealll = 2/1

gtiunP ti lal tortghee. N,wo obnmeci all htrgeote:

= ir(babpitoyl fo dda inegb re)icrra * b(aiblptoiyr fo dad igpnssa no eiaesds e)laell * ab(tilyibrpo fo omm bineg )riearrc * iytpoiba(brl of mmo aisgsnp no dssaeie el)eall

= /32 * 1/2 * /1100 * 21/
= 1 in 006

Hsi tldai ulvoem aws 050 L.m enEy-orptxdrai asw 5+ cm adn aii-ponyetrrdsn asw 2+5. We were uspdoeps ot eus teh deiferecfn ni aaiwry ,rsrpeues adn nto het ritd-eyrospanni apleulr ssurpree 0)2+.(

leapnmcCio = ΔVPΔ/ = 500 / 02 = 52 mcL/m OH2